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Ruby is a rare gemstone variety of Corundum, the other famous variety being Sapphire. Corundum by itself is colorless, being made of only aluminum and oxygen, but Ruby is distinguished by its rich red color. This comes from small amounts of chromium replacing some of the aluminum.
Amethyst is a variety of quartz which owes its coloration to the presence of iron in the area of its formation. The word Amethyst is derived from ancient Greek meaning "intoxication". It was believed by both ancient Romans and Greeks, if they wore Amethyst or made their goblets of the material, it would help prevent them from becoming intoxicated. Amethyst has been used in jewelry making for centuries. Spectacular, priceless carvings dating to the ancient Egyptians are displayed in museums. Amethyst is found in many places around the world. However, the most beautiful Amethyst, displaying deep rich purple coloration, is normally found in the countries of Brazil and Uruguay. Amethyst is the birthstone for February.
